Misleading
1 preliminary rulingJudgment of 18 Dec 2025, C-168/24 (Société PMJC) 
Article 12(2)(b) of Directive 2008/95/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2008 to approximate the laws of the Member States relating to trade marks and Article 20(b) of Directive (EU) 2015/2436 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2015 to approximate the laws of the Member States relating to trade marks must be interpreted as not precluding the revocation of a trade mark consisting of the surname of a fashion designer on the ground that, having regard to all the relevant circumstances, it is used by the proprietor of the trade mark, or with his or her consent, in such a way as to lead the average consumer who is reasonably well informed and reasonably observant and circumspect to believe, mistakenly, that that designer was involved in the design of the goods bearing that mark.
Disclaimer